CfP – Special Issue Entrepeneurship as Practice – IJEBR

Entrepreneurship as Practice

Special issue call for papers from International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research

Guest Editors:
Bruce Teague, Eastern Washington University
Richard Tunstall, University of Leeds
Claire Champenois, Audencia Business School
William B. Gartner, Babson College and Linnaeus University

This special issue focuses on a core tenet of IJEBR to “advance the study of human and behavioural dimensions of entrepreneurship” by furthering an “entrepreneurship as practice perspective” (EAP) that should showcase fieldwork that explores specific entrepreneurial practices in specific settings. As championed by Steyaert (2007), Johannisson (2011) and Watson (2013), the entrepreneurship-as-practice perspective is now gaining traction, witnessed by such contributions as De Clercq & Voronov (2009), Terjesen & Elam (2009); Goss et al. (2011), and Keating et al. (2013).
While classic “philosophers of practice” (e.g. Heidegger, 1929/1996; Wittgenstein, 1953, 1969, 1982, 1980) and “theorists of practice” (e.g. Bourdieu, 1990; Giddens, 1976) have emphasized the habitual, repetitive and taken-for-granted role of human practices, we posit that current research on practice focuses on the coordination of actions that reflect people’s understandings of “how to get things done” in complex settings (Nicolini, 2012; Orlikowski, 2002). Expanding upon this search for commonalities across practice theory approaches, Schatzki argues that practice theories generally recognize elements of human activity that cannot be put into words, or neatly captured through methodologies that assume subject-object independence. Instead, scholars attempt to capture an understand the tacit interplay that leads to emergence, reproduction, and transition of social practices (Schatzki, 2002; 2012). Taking a practice approach makes it possible to conceive of the entrepreneurial process “as a culturally shaped achievement, the result of engaging with and transforming social practices of doing and living” (Steyaert, 2007).
From an “entrepreneurship as practice” perspective, the entrepreneur carries patterns of bodily behaviour, but also of certain routinized ways of understanding, knowing how and desiring, for and about, entrepreneurship. These conventionalized ‘mental’ activities of — understanding, knowing how and desiring — are necessary elements and qualities of entrepreneurship practices in which the entrepreneur participates, and which are not necessarily qualities of the entrepreneur. Moreover, practice as a ‘nexus of doings and sayings’ (Schatzki, 2001) is not solely understandable to the agent or the agents who carry it out, it is likewise understandable to potential observers (at least within the same culture). Entrepreneurship practices are thus routinized ways in which entrepreneurs move bodies, handle objects, treat subjects, describe things and understands the world. Schatzki (2001) summarizes these elements within the umbrella term of ‘field of practices’, comprising of knowledge, meaning, human activity, science, power, language, social institutions, and historical transformation.
We see the use of practice theory and the general framework of “entrepreneurship as practice” as a means to advance entrepreneurship research in several ways. First, entrepreneurship as practice moves us away from a focus on ‘who’ an entrepreneur, placing emphasis instead on the importance of activity, performance, and work in the creation and perpetuation of entrepreneurial practices. Second, practice theory helps us understand the critical role of the body and material objects in organizing entrepreneurship. Third, the practice perspective helps us perceive and better understand the reproduction of entrepreneurial practices across time, space, and individuals. Fourth, EAP highlights the importance of mundane, and often overlooked activities within the performance of action hierarchies and higher order teleological hierarchies. Finally, we see EAP as a lens through which strong ethnographic research can be developed that facilitates understanding the relatedness of actions and practices across contexts and nets of practices.
We invite authors to clarify the question of how individual entrepreneurship practices relate to (the) ‘organizing context’ and that employ fieldwork and careful observation to capture those mechanisms by which collective support for entrepreneurship may be mobilized (Johannisson, 2011). We specifically look for research that (1) identifies the every-day and socially situated nature of entrepreneurship, or that elaborates how practices relate to their broader contexts; (2) clearly recognize and describe the practice theory approach used to motivate the research, (3) recognize entrepreneurship practices, tools and methods used, and (4) relates and integrates these practices with the cognitions, behaviours, and/or skills of entrepreneurs. We reiterate that articles accepted for this special issue will report on empirically based fieldwork rather than manuscripts that focus on or elaborate theoretical conjectures.
Submission Guidelines: We invite papers that focus on fieldwork that explores entrepreneurial practices. Papers should be clear on the methodological approaches used for studying entrepreneurial practices and provide linkages between the practice ontologies grounding their theory with the methods used and evidence offered. We are not particularly interested in theory development papers or papers that offer speculative methodological innovations that are not applied to actual settings. All submissions are subject to the standard double- blind review process. Manuscripts must be original, unpublished works not concurrently under review for publication at another outlet and are expected to follow the standard formatting guidelines for the journal.

Full paper submission must be made through the ScholarOne site at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ijebr by October 1, 2018. Submissions should be prepared according to the IJEBR Author Guidelines found at http://emeraldgrouppublishing.com/products/journals/author_guidelines.htm?id=ijebr.
When submitting your manuscript, please ensure you select this special issue from the relevant drop-down menu on page four of the submission process. Reviews, drafts and outcomes will be conducted through early to mid-2019, with publication for those accepted papers expected to be in 2020. Initial queries can be directed towards any of the guest editors at the following email addresses:
Bruce Teague: bteague@ewu.edu
Richard Tunstall: r.tunstall@leeds.ac.uk
Claire Champenois: cchampenois@audencia.com
William B. Gartner: william.gartner@lnu.se or wgartner@babson.edu

Relevant References
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The Logic of Practice. Stanford University Press.
De Clercq, D. and Voronov, M. (2009). Toward a practice perspective of entrepreneurship entrepreneurial legitimacy as habitus. International Small Business Journal, 27(4), 395-419.
Feldman, M.S. and Orlikowski, W.J. (2011). Theorizing practice and practicing theory. Organization Science, 22(5), 1240-1253.
Giddens, A. (1976). New Rules of Sociological Method. Hutchinson, London.
Goss, D., Jones, R., Latham, J., and Betta, M. (2011). Power as practice: A micro-sociological analysis of the dynamics of emancipatory entrepreneurship. Organization Studies, 32(2), 211–229.
Heidegger, M. (1929/1996). Being and Time. Albany: SUNY Press.
Johannisson, B. (2011). Towards a practice theory of entrepreneuring. Small Business Economics. 36(2), 135-150.
Keating, A., Geiger, S. and McLoughlin, D. (2014). Riding the practice waves: Social resourcing practices during new venture development. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 38(5), 1207-1235.
Nicolini, D. (2012). Practice Theory, Work and Organization: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Orlikowski, W.J. (2002). Knowing in practice: Enacting a collective capability in distributed organizing. Organization Science, 13(3), pp. 249-273.
Schatzki, T.R. 2001. “Practice Theory: An Introduction.” In: The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory, edited by Theodore R. Schatzki, Karin Knorr-Cetina, and Eike von Savigny, 1–14. London: Routledge.
Schatzki, T.R. (2002). The site of the social: A philosophical account of the constitution of social life and change, Penn State Press.
Schatzki, T.R. (2012). “A primer on practices.” Practice-based education: Perspectives and strategies: 13-26.
Schatzki, T.R., Knorr-Cetina, K. and von Savigny, E. (Eds.). (2001). The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory. Psychology Press. London.
Steyaert, C. (2007). ‘Entrepreneuring’ as a conceptual attractor? A review of process theories in 20 years of entrepreneurship studies. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(6), 453-477.
Terjesen, S. and Elam, A. (2009). Transnational entrepreneurs’ venture internationalization strategies: A practice theory approach. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 33(5), 1093–1120.
Watson, T.J. (2013). “Entrepreneurship in Action: Bringing Together the Individual, Organizational and Institutional Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Action.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 25 (5–6): 1–19.
Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell.
Wittgenstein, L. (1969). On certainty. Oxford: Blackwell.
Wittgenstein, L. (1981). Zettel (2nd. Ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
Wittgenstein, L. (1980). Culture and value (Amended 2nd Ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.

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Call for papers Special issue IJEBR – Artisan, cultural and tourism entrepreneurship

Overview

This special issue call for papers seeks to contribute to the growing interest about artisan entrepreneurship and the role of culture and tourism in its growth. There has been an increased emphasis on local and handmade goods that are linked to the culture and tourism of a region (Ratten and Ferreira, 2017). Artisan entrepreneurship involves the making of handcrafted goods or services that are sold to others. This form of entrepreneurship is increasing as people focus more on cultural forms of business ventures (Lounsbury and Glynn, 2001). Typically most artisan entrepreneurs are in the clothing and food industries as they prefer to make their own products that are linked to their cultural heritage (Tregear, 2005).
Many artisan entrepreneurs start their businesses because they have a hobby or interest tied to their culture that they want to use as a source of income. Typically most artisan entrepreneurs have a creative asset that can lead to sustainable income when marketed in the right way. Artisan entrepreneurs utilize their passion and creativity to sell products including organic locally grown food, craft beers and handmade clothes. There has been a trend towards more cultural-based businesses and as part of the tourism experience more people are focusing on artisan entrepreneurs. Possible topics for this special issue include:
•    How artisan entrepreneurs are using tourism as a way to develop their businesses
•    The role of culture in artisan entrepreneurship
•    Types of businesses and services involved in artisan entrepreneurship
•    Impact of tourism entrepreneurs in the growth of artisan businesses
•    The trend away from technology to handmade and hobby-based businesses
•    Job creation and tourism growth through artisan entrepreneurship
•    The role of urban and regional location in artisan entrepreneurship
•    Entrepreneurial personality and link to artisan businesses in tourism development
Due date: February 28 2018

Guest Editorial Team
Initial queries can be directed to any of the guest editors on the following email addresses:
Dr. Vanessa Ratten, La Trobe University Australia
v.ratten@latrobe.edu.au
Dr. Carlos Costa, University of Aveiro, Portugal
ccosta@ua.pt
Dr. Marcel Bogers, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
marcel@ifro.ku.dk

References
Lounsbury, M. and Glynn, M.A. (2001) ‘Cultural entrepreneurship stories, legitimacy and the acquisition of resources’, Strategic Management Journal, 22: 545-564.
Ratten, V. and Ferreira, J. (2017) ‘Future research direction for cultural entrepreneurship and regional innovation’, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 21(3): 163-169.
Tregear, A. (2005) ‘Lifestyle growth or community involvement? The balance of goals of artisan food producers’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 17(1): 1-15.

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Call for papers: IJEBR Special Issue Migration, Entreprise and Society

Guest Editors:
Dr. Natalia Vershinina, University of Birmingham
Dr. Peter Rodgers, University of Sheffield

Overview
This Special Issue Call for Papers seeks to contribute to a growing strand of academic literature, which recognises the social and cultural contexts in which entrepreneurial endeavours take place (Bruton et al. 2010; Jennings et al. 2013; Welter and Smallbone 2006). Within this ‘social turn’ in the study of entrepreneurship (Johannisson, 1988; Ansari et al. 2012; McKeever et al, 2014) there is a recognition of the ‘everyday’ nature of many manifestations of entrepreneurial practices and the fact that the entrepreneurs themselves and the entrepreneurial processes and practices are not taking place in political, cultural or societal vacuums. Rather than simply accepting the traditional view of entrepreneurial activities involving the ‘super-hero’ stereotype of the entrepreneur (Burns, 2001), a growing strand of critical entrepreneurship (Anderson et al, 2010; De Clercq and Voronov, 2009) calls for the recognition of the everyday (Johannisson 2011) and mundane nature (Rehn and Taalas, 2004) of varied forms of entrepreneurship. In order to critically examine the dominant discourses of entrepreneurship, Steyaert (2005) argues for the need to explore diverse and alternative entrepreneurial individuals, processes and practices beyond the mainstream. Embracing the desire within the ‘European tradition’ of entrepreneurship (Gartner 2008; Down 2013; Davidsson 2013; McKeever, 2014) to look beyond the ‘mainstream’ has led to calls for more academic interest in the ‘other’ (Gartner, 2013) entrepreneurial individuals and practices living and taking place on the edges and margins of our societies (Watson 2013; Imas et al., 2012).
To this end, taking the UK as a contextual example, over the past decade, increasing numbers of ‘new’ migrants have arrived in the UK (Jones et al. 2014). This is explained by a rise in refugees and asylum seekers from war-torn countries (Edwards et al. 2016) and migration from the new EU member-states (Vershinina, et.al, 2011; Ciupijus, 2011; Drinkwater et al. 2009; Khattab and Fox. 2016; Barrett and Vershinina, 2016). Despite the growth of ‘new’ migrant communities in the UK, within an ‘age of super-diversity’ (Vertovec, 2007, Ram, Jones and Villares, 2017), such groups have rarely figured in contemporary debates on self-employment and/or entrepreneurship, other than in a few notable studies (Edwards et al. 2016; Ram et al, 2008).

Although migration seems to be absent from mainstream academic literature on business and management, the proponents of the ‘super diversity’ (Vertovec, 2007) paradigm have argued that at present a number of important populations are either excluded from the research agenda, or appear rarely; voices which play a critical role in the fabric of multicultural society. For instance, in the field of business, the core concept associated with migration – “liabilities of foreignness” (Fang, et al., 2013) – sees “difference and distance” as liabilities, whether they are national, cultural, geographic, or semantic. While existing research is valuable, recently it has been suggested that an emphasis on liabilities and adverse outcomes associated with such differences may hinder our understanding of the processes and conditions that help to leverage the value of diversity in a wide range of contexts. Moreover, the field of entrepreneurship, treats ethnicity in a negative light, and the theory exploring ethnic minority enterprises seem to highlight the negative effects of environment on ethnic migrants who set up and run businesses in new geographical locations. Researchers in entrepreneurship have the opportunity to examine the specific political contexts of excluded groups (new arrivals: legal, illegal, and refugees) and pursue important theoretical and policy-related questions that cast light on the workings and complexities of modern economies around the world.

The aims of this Special issue are aligned to unpacking the interdependency of modes of organising on diversity, the recent increase in racialization of work, and the meaning of integration for newcomer populations, are key questions for future research within the field of entrepreneurship studies.

Interested authors might want to explore the variety of levels of spatiality (local, regional, national, international, transnational), variety of enterprises and individuals involved in business activity (self-employment, micro, small, medium-sized firm), variety of governing structures including family firms representing different generations; and ethnic minority enterprises set up by migrants from a variety of locations and migration waves. This Special Issue seeks to develop understanding of the inter-relationships between processes of migration and entrepreneurial behaviour within the broader entrepreneurship discipline. Research Questions may include but are not limited to:

•    What are the “every day” manifestations of entrepreneurial practices and activities of migrants?
•    How do different migration experiences impact upon business start-up?
•    What is the role of co-ethnic and co-migrant networks in facilitating migrant entrepreneurial behaviour?
•    What is the role of diversity in the interdependency of modes of organising of migrant enterprises?
•    How has the recent increase in racialization of work impacted on migrant entrepreneurship?
•    What role do spatial and temporal dimensions play in migrant entrepreneurship?
•    How can the focus on gender advance our understanding of migrant entrepreneurship?
•    What can migrant experiences inform us about family firm functioning?
•    Do the experiences of contemporary migrants align with those of older patterns of migrants?
•    What can migrant experiences inform us about developing new forms of social enterprises?
•    Do migrant experiences facilitate more unconventional, values driven enterprise development?

Submission Guidelines: We invite both theoretical and empirical papers for this special issue. All submissions are subject to the standard double-blind review process. Manuscripts must be original, unpublished works not concurrently under review for publication at another outlet and are expected to follow the standard formatting guidelines for the journal. Submission must be made though the ScholarOne site at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ijebr by 28th February 2018. Submissions should be prepared according to the Author Guidelines found at http://emeraldgrouppublishing.com/products/journals/author_guidelines.htm?id=ijebr.

When submitting your manuscript, please ensure you select this special issue from the relevant drop down menu on page four of the submission process. Reviews, drafts and outcomes will be conducted through early to mid-2018, with publication for those accepted expected to be early 2019.

Initial queries can be directed towards any of the guest editors on the following email addresses:

Natalia Vershinina on n.a.vershinina@bham.ac.uk
Peter Rodgers on peter.rodgers@sheffield.ac.uk

Guest Editorial Team
Dr. Natalia Vershinina is a Senior Lecturer in Entrepreneurship at Birmingham Business School. She has a PhD in Business Relationships and prior to that completed MBA from De Montfort University, and DEng in Foreign Economic Relations from St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design. Her research cuts across diverse but complementary areas of entrepreneurship, gender, family firms, ethnicity and social class, and her latest papers are in Journal of Small Business Management, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development and Work, Employment and Society. She is a Co-Chair for Entrepreneurship SIG and a Council Member at British Academy of Management, and a Co-Chair for Family and Community Business Track at Institute of Small Business and Enterprise Conference. She is also on the committee of ISBE Gender and Enterprise Network (GEN).

Dr. Peter Rodgers is a Lecturer of Strategy and International Business. Peter gained a BA (Hons) degree in Social and Political Sciences from Fitzwilliam College, University of Cambridge and an MA and PhD from the Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Birmingham. Peter’s research interests include the nature of business-state relations in Russia and former socialist spaces, informal work and informal entrepreneurship. He has published widely in journals such as Work, Employment and Society, Environment and Planning C, International Small Business Journal, Employee Relations.

Selected References
Ansari, S., Munir, K. and Gregg, T. (2012). “Impact at the ‘Bottom of the Pyramid’: The Role of Social Capital in Capability Development and Community Empowerment.” Journal of Management Studies 49: 813–842.
Barrett, R. and Vershinina, N. (2016). “Intersectionality of Ethnic and Entrepreneurial Identities: A Study of Post-War Polish Entrepreneurs in an English City”. Journal of Small Business Management.
Bruton, G.D., Ahlstrom, D. and Li, H.L. (2010). “Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: where are we now and where do we need to move in the future?” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(3): 421-440.
Ciupijus, Z. (2011). “Mobile central eastern Europeans in Britain: successful European Union citizens and disadvantaged labour migrants?” Work, Employment & Society, 25(3): 540-550.
De Clercq, D., and Voronov, M. (2009). “Toward a practice perspective of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial legitimacy as habitus”. International Small Business Journal, 27(4): 395-419.
Drinkwater, S., Eade, J. and Garapich, M. (2009). “Poles apart? EU enlargement and the labour market outcomes of immigrants in the United Kingdom”. International Migration, 47(1): 161-190.
Edwards, P., Ram, M., Jones, T. and Doldor, S. (2016). “New migrant businesses and their workers: developing, but not transforming, the ethnic economy”. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1-31.
Essers, C., Doorewaard, H., and Benschop, Y. (2013). Family ties: Migrant female business owners doing identity work on the public–private divide. Human Relations, 66(12): 1645-1665.
Fang, T., Samnani, A.K., Novicevic, M.M. and Bing, M.N. (2013). Liability-of-foreignness effects on job success of immigrant job seekers. Journal of World Business, 48(1): 98-109.
Gartner, W.B. (2013) “Creating a community of difference in entrepreneurship scholarship.”
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 25(1-2): 5-15.
Jones, O., Ghobadian, A., O’ Regan, N. and Antcliff, V. (2013). Dynamic capabilities in a sixth
generation family firm: entrepreneurship and the Bibby Line. Business History, 55(6): 910-941.
Jones, T., et al. (2014) “Mixed embeddedness and new migrant enterprise in the UK.”
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 26(5-6): 500-520.
Khattab, N. and Fox, J. (2016). East-European immigrants responding to the recession in Britain: is there a trade-off between unemployment and over-qualification? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-16.
López-Fernández, M.C., Serrano-Bedia, A.M. and Pérez-Pérez, M. (2016). “Entrepreneurship
and Family Firm Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of an Emerging Field.” Journal of Small
Business Management, 54(2): 622-639.
McKeever, E., Anderson, A. and Jack, S. (2014). “Entrepreneurship and mutuality: social capital in processes and practices.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 26(5-6): 453-477.
Rehn, A. and Taalas, S. (2004). Znakomstva I Svyazi! [Acquaintances and Connections]: Blat, the
Soviet Union and mundane entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(3): 235–250.
Ram, M., Theodorakopoulos, N. and Jones, T. (2008). “Forms of capital, mixed embeddedness and Somali enterprise.” Work, employment and society, 22(3): 427-446.
Ram, M., Jones, T. and Villares-Varela, M. (2016). “Migrant entrepreneurship: Reflections on research and practice.” International Small Business Journal, 0266242616678051.
Sharma, P. and Chua, J. H. (2013). “Asian family enterprises and family business research.” Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(3): 641-656.
Steyaert, C. (2005) “Entrepreneurship: in between what? On the” frontier” as a discourse of
Entrepreneurship research.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 2(1): 2-16.
Vershinina, N., Barrett, R. and Meyer, M. (2011). “Forms of capital, intra-ethnic variation and Polish entrepreneurs in Leicester”. Work, Employment and Society, 25(1): 101-117.

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